Lo Spasimo di Sicilia (Christ bearing the Cross)

An engraving by Paolo Toschi after the so-called 'Spasimo di Sicilia', a painting by Raphael and his workshop (c.1515-1516) now in the Prado, Madrid (inv. no. 298). This print is signed by the printmaker with the attribution of the painting to Raphael and publication details. Lettered with the title and dedication to Ludwig I of Bavaria. See RCIN 850311 for a photograph of the painting.

As Massari (see Bibliographic References) noted, Passavant dated this print 1832.

This painting was commissioned from Raphael for the church of St Maria dello Spasimo, Palermo. Its subject, Christ carrying the Cross, was not a common choice for an early sixteenth century altarpiece. The focal point of the composition is the  so-called 'Compassio Mariae', which is embodied in the depiction of the Virgin suffering and bending towards her son who has just stumbled under the weight of the cross. Although not directly based on a specific passage of the Bible, this composition can be related to the Gospel of Luke (23:37) "a large number of people followed him, including women who mourned and wailed for him". As noted by Capellen (see Bibliographic References) here Raphael "aims at furnishing an altarpiece with a dramatic historia".

Due to the rather poor condition of this painting, there is much debate about its authorship and Raphael's involvement in its execution and design. It has been noted that the main figures (such as Christ, Simon and the Maries) are delicately painted, whilst a large part of the composition is done "rather perfunctorily". Therefore, it has been suggested that the design and part of the execution are to be attributed to Raphael who was assisted by his workshop in producing the final painting.